Lecture Objectives:

1. define the term totipotency and explain how this characteristic of plants is used in new technology.
2. compare the genetic engineering with traditional plant propagation and breeding methods.
3. explain the universality of the genetic code and its importance to genetic engineering.
4. explain, with the use of a diagram, recombinant DNA techniques of moving desired genes from an organism to the expression of the trait in a plant.
5. discuss the limitations of the genetic engineering.
6. explain how previously unexpressed genes may be expressed through transgenomics.

Reading: Ch. 9.7 and Leventin & McMahon, page 120

recombinant DNA plasmid cloning transgenic GMO

restriction enzyme transformation vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens ligase

genetic engineering selective breeding gene gun

1. New Technology vs. Traditional Breeding Program
   • Common Goal

    

   • Limitations of Traditional Breeding Program

    

• Advantages of the Genetic Engineering

2. Terms

• recombinant DNA technique
  
  
• transformed or transgenic organism
  

3. Steps in transforming a plant using Recombinant DNA
   • Locate & isolate desired genes

   
   
   

   • Cut DNA open & remove gene
     
     
     
     
     
     
• Vector
  
  
  
• Bacterial cell characteristics
  
  
  
• Open plasmids









• Insert gene into plasmid
  
  
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens
    
    
    
    
    
    
• Identify transformed bacteria
  
  
  
• Producing products with transformed bacteria






• Producing transformed plants
  • Deliver gene into chromosome
    
    
    
    
    
  • Mitosis
    
    
    
  • Cells into tiny plants
    
    




 

• Totipotency
  
  
• Tissue Culture
  
  
• Individual plants that express the gene
  
  
• Gene gun

 

• Electroporation
  
  
  
• Activation Tagging

4. Limitations

For the next lecture: GM Crops:  Applications & Concerns, there is no new reading. However, watch the vodcast and take the quiz on Applications and be ready to investigate concerns in lecture.  Be ready to answer the question:

• What are advantages and disadvantages of using genetically modified foods?