Integrative
Biology
102: Lecture
Outline
DNA & Protein Synthesis
Lecture
Objectives:
By the end of
the lecture, you should be able to:
- explain the role of DNA as genetic material.
- list the functions of proteins in a cell.
- explain the connection between DNA and proteins.
- explain the universality of the genetic code and its
significance.
- label a diagram of a DNA molecule, name the units of which the
DNA molecule is composed, and identify the three parts of each unit.
- describe base pairing in DNA molecules. Given the base sequence
of one strand of DNA, predict that of a complementary strand of DNA.
- draw a diagram that illustrates the structure and duplication
(replication) of a DNA molecule.
- list the differences between the RNAs and DNA.
- describe and diagram the process of transcription. Given the DNA
base sequence for a gene, predict the mRNA base sequence made during
transcription.
- describe and diagram the process of translation in protein
synthesis.
- write a paragraph to explain the production of a protein molecule
from the genetic code contained within a gene.
- compare the structures of DNA and RNA molecules and identify the
function of the three types of RNA: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and
ribosomal RNA.
Reading: Ch. 6.
Terms:
|
chromosomes
chromatin
histone
ribosome
amino acids
deoxyribose
|
RNA: messenger, transfer, ribosomal
ribose
base pairs
nucleic acid
codon
anticodon
|
semi-conservative replication
DNA polymerase
A, T, G, C, U
nucleotides
phosphate group
genome
|
Movies:
NOVA: Personal Genome
Project
The Human Genome Project Video -3D
Animation Introduction
Histones
Molecular
Biology
Visualization of DNA
Protein
synthesis:
an epic on the cellular level
From
RNA
to Protein Synthesis
Protein
Synthesis:
Translation
Sites:
Do you want to test your DNA
to find your ancestry?
NCBI Map Viewer: Human Genome Map
- Breakthroughs in the coding of DNA molecules
- Gene Expression (Making Proteins)
- role in cellular activity
3. DNA structure
and organization
- Nitrogen bases:
- Adenine(A)
- Cytosine(C)
- Guanine(G)
- Thymine (T)
4.
Semiconservative replication
of DNA
- How are enzymes involved?
5.
Protein synthesis
- How is RNA different from DNA?
- Production of proteins--(1. Transcription and 2. Translation)
- Transcription
- Location
- Role of proteins
- Production of a Polypeptide--Translation of mRNA
- Location
- Codons on mRNA
- Anticodons and tRNA
For
the next lecture on GM Crops: Applications
& Concerns, read
Leventin
& McMahon Chapter 1, pgs. 12-17 and 7, and in Cunningham &
Cunningham, pgs. 116-120.
Be ready to
answer this question:
- How do changes in DNA (e.g. mutations) bring about altered
gene expression?
