List of Publications.

Publications since 1989
  1. Crofts, A. R. and Chappell, J. B. (1962). Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidation Systems by the Carcinogen, N-2-Fluorenyldiacetamide. Biochem. J., 84, 81-82.
  2. Chappell, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1965). Calcium Ion Accumulation and Volume Changes of Isolated Liver Mitochondria: Calcium Ion-Induced Swelling. Biochem. J., 95, 378-386.
  3. Chappell, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1965). The Effect of Atractylate and Oligomycin on the Behavior of Mitochondria Towards Adenine Nucleotides. Biochem. J., 95, 707-716.
  4. Chappell, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1965). Gramicidin and Ion Transport in Isolated Liver Mitochondria. Biochem. J., 95, 393-402.
  5. Crofts, A. R. (1965). Dissertation for Ph.D. The Transport of Ions by Mitochondria. University of Cambridge, England.
  6. Crofts, A. R. and Chappell, J. B. (1965). Calcium Ion Accumulation and Volume Changes of Isolated Liver Mitochondria: Reversal of Calcium Ion-Induced Swelling. Biochem. J., 95, 387-392.
  7. Chappell, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1966). Ion Transport and Reversible Volume Changes of Isolated Mitochondria. In: Regulation of Metabolic Processes in Mitochondria, (Ed. by Tager, J. M., Papa, S., Quagliariello, E., and Slater, E. C.) pp. 293-316. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, Holland.
  8. Crofts, A. R. (1966). Uptake of Ammonium Ion by Chloroplasts, and the Mechanism of Amine Uncoupling. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 24, 127-134.
  9. Crofts, A. R. (1966). Uptake of Ammonium Ion by Chloroplasts and its Relation to Photophosphorylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 24, 725-731.
  10. Crofts, A. R. (1967). Amine Uncoupling of Energy Transfer in Chloroplasts. I. Relation to Ammonium Ion Uptake. J. Biol. Chem., 242, 3352-3359.
  11. Crofts, A. R. (1967). Stimulation of Chloroplast Hydrogen-Ion Uptake by the Uncoupler N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,2-diaminoethane. Biochem. J., 105, 29.
  12. Crofts, A. R., Deamer, D. W., and Packer, L. (1967). Mechanisms of Light-Induced Structural Change in Chloroplasts. II. The Role of Ion Movements in Volume Changes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 131, 97-118.
  13. Deamer, D. W. and Crofts, A. R. (1967). Action of Triton X-100 on Chloroplast Membranes. Mechanisms of Structural and Functional Disruption. J. Cell. Biol., 33, 395-410.
  14. Deamer, D. W., Crofts, A. R., and Packer, L. (1967). Mechanisms of Light-Induced Structural Changes in Chloroplasts. I. Light-Scattering Increments and Ultrastructural Changes Mediated by Proton Transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 131, 81-96.
  15. Packer, L. and Crofts, A. R. (1967). The Energized Movement of Ions and Water by Chloroplasts. In: Current Topics in Bioenergetics, Vol. 2, 23-64.
  16. Packer, L., Deamer, D. W., and Crofts, A. R. (1967). Conformational Changes in Chloroplasts. Brookhaven Symp. Biol., 19, 281-302.
  17. Crofts, A. R. (1968). Ammonium Ion Uptake by Chloroplasts, and the High-Energy State. In: Regulatory Functions of Biological Membranes. (Ed. by Jarnefelt, J,) pp. 248-263. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, Holland.
  18. Jackson, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1968). Energy-linked Reduction of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides in Cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 32, 908-915.
  19. Jackson, J. B., Crofts, A. R., and Von Stedingk, L-V. (1968). Ion Transport Induced by Light and Antibiotics in Chromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Eur. J. Biochem., 6, 41-54.
  20. Jackson, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1969). Bromothymol Blue and Bromocresol Purple as Indicators of pH Changes in Chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Eur. J. Biochem., 10, 226-237.
  21. Jackson, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1969). The High Energy State in Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. FEBS Lett. 4, 185-189.
  22. Chance, B., Crofts, A. R., Nishimura, M., and Price, B. (1970). Fast Membrane H+ Binding in the Light-Activated State of Chromatium Chromatophores. Eur. J. Biochem., 13, 364-374.
  23. Crofts, A. R. (1970). The Chromatophore as a Functional Unit. In: Electron Transport and Energy Conservation. (Ed. by Tager, J. M., Papa, S., Quagliariello, E., and Slater, E. C.) pp. 221-228. Adriatica Editrice, Bari, Italy.
  24. Crofts, A. R. and Jackson, J. B. (1970). The High Energy State in Chromatophores from Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Electron Transport and Energy Conservation. (Ed. by Tager, J. M., Papa, S., Quagliariello, E., and Slater, E. C.) pp. 383-408. Adriatica Editrice, Bari, Italy.
  25. Walker, D. A. and Crofts, A. R. (1970). Photosynthesis. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 39, 389-428.
  26. Wraight, C. A. and Crofts, A. R. (1970). Energy-Dependent Quenching of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Isolated Chloroplasts. Eur. J. Biochem., 17, 319-327.
  27. Cogdell, R. J. and Crofts, A. R. (1971). The Effect of Antimycin and 1:10-Phenanthroline on Rapid H+-uptake by Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Proc. IInd. International Cong. on Photosynthesis, Stresa, 1971, pp. 977-983, Junk, The Hague, The Netherlands.
  28. Crofts, A. R. (1971). The Potential of Bacterial Photosynthesis in Recycling of Human Wastes. In: Optimal Conditions for Photosynthesis in a Wholly Artificial Environment. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B., 179, 209-219.
  29. Crofts, A. R., Cogdell, R. J., and Jackson, J. B. (1971). The Mechanism of H+-Uptake in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. In: Energy Transduction in Respiration and Photosynthesis (Ed. by Quagliariello, E., Papa, S., and Rossi, S.) pp. 883-901. Adriatica Editrice, Bari, Italy.
  30. Crofts, A. R., Wraight, C. A., and Fleischman, D. E. (1971). Energy Conservation in the Photochemical Reactions of Photosynthesis and its Relation to Delayed Fluorescence. FEBS Lett., 15, 89-100.
  31. Jackson, J. B. and Crofts, A. R. (1971). The Kinetics of Light Induced Carotenoid Changes in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Their Relation to Electrical Field Generation Across the Chromatophore Membrane. Eur. J. Biochem., 18, 120-130.
  32. Wraight, C. A. and Crofts, A. R. (1971). Delayed Fluorescence and the High-Energy State of Chloroplasts. Eur. J. Biochem., 19, 386-397.
  33. Cogdell, R. J., Jackson, J. B., and Crofts, A. R. (1972). The Effect of Redox Potential on the Coupling Between Rapid H+-binding and Electron Transport in Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. J. Bioenergetics, 4, 211-227.
  34. Cogdell, R. J. and Crofts, A.R. (1972). Some Observations on the Primary Acceptor of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. FEBS Lett., 27, 176-178.
  35. Crofts, A. R., Jackson, J. B., Evans, E. H., and Cogdell, R. J. (1972). The High-Energy State in Chloroplasts and Chromatophores, In: Proc. IInd. International Cong. on Photosynthesis, Stresa, 1971, pp. 873-902, Junk, The Hague, The Netherlands.
  36. Deamer, D. W. Prince, R. C., and Crofts, A. R. (1972). The Response of Fluorescent Amines to pH Gradients Across Liposome Membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 274, 323-335.
  37. Melandri, B. A., Baccarini-Melandri, A., Crofts, A. R., and Cogdell, R. J. (1972). Energy Transduction in Photosynthetic Bacteria. V. Role of Coupling Factor ATP-ase in Energy Conversion as Revealed by Light or ATP-induced Quenching of Atebrine Fluorescence. FEBS Lett., 24, 141-145.
  38. Cogdell, R. J., Prince, R. C., and Crofts, A. R. (1973). Light Induced H+-uptake Catalysed by Photochemical Reaction Centres from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides R26. FEBS Lett., 35, 204-208.
  39. Crofts, A. R., Cogdell, R. J., and Jackson, J. B. (1973). The Relation of H+-uptake to Electron Flow in Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Mechanisms in Bioenergetics, (Ed. by Azzone, G. F., Ernster, L., Papa, S., Quagliariello, E., and Siliprandi, N.) pp. 337-346, Academic Press, New York and London.
  40. Evans, E. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1973). The Relationship Between Delayed Fluorescence and the H+-gradient in Chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 292, 130-139.
  41. Jackson, J. B., Cogdell, R. J., and Crofts, A. R. (1973). Some Effects of Orthophenanthroline on Electron Transport in Chromatophores from Photosynthetic Bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 292, 218-225.
  42. Prince, R. C. and Crofts, A. R. (1973). Photochemical Reaction Centres from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. FEBS Lett., 35, 213-216.
  43. Cogdell, R. J. and Crofts, A. R. (1974). H+-uptake by Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The Relation Between Rapid H+-uptake and the H+ Pump. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 247, 264-272.
  44. Crofts, A.R. (1974). The Electron Transport System as a H+ Pump in Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Perspectives in Membrane Biology. (Ed. by Estrada, -O. S. and Gitler, C.), Academic Press, New York.
  45. Crofts, A. R., Cogdell, R. J., Evans, E. H., and Prince, R. C. (1974). The Mechanism of H+-uptake by Chromatophores from Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Dynamics of Energy-transducing Membranes_, (Ed. by Ernster, R. and Slater, E. C.) pp. 377-387, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  46. Crofts, A. R., Evans, E. H., and Cogdell, R. J. (1974). The Relation Between H+ Uptake and Electron Flow in Chromatophores from Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: The Mechanism of Energy Transduction in Biological Systems. (Ed. by Green, D. E.) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 227, 227-243.
  47. Crofts, A. R., Evans, E. H., Cogdell, R. J. and Jackson, J. B. (1974). Electron Transport and Energy Coupling in Chromatophores from Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Progress in Photobiology (Ed. by Schenck, G. O.), Deutsche Gesellshaft für Lichtforschung e.V., Frankfurt.
  48. Crofts, A. R., Prince, R. C., Holmes, N. G., and Crowther, D. (1974). Electrogenic Electron Transport and the Carotenoid Change in Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Proc. Third International Cong. on Photosynthesis. (Ed. by Avron, M.) pp. 1131-1146, Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  49. Evans, E. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1974). Delayed Fluorescence, the Carotenoid Shift and Light-Induced Membrane Potential. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2, 159-161.
  50. Evans, E. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1974). In situ Characterization of Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 357, 89-102.
  51. Evans, E. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1974). The Relationship Between Delayed Fluorescence and the Carotenoid Shift in Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 333, 44-51.
  52. Evans, E. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1974). A Thermodynamic Characterization of the Cytochromes of Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 357, 78-88.
  53. Evans, E. H., Cogdell, R. J., and Crofts, A. R. (1974). H+-Uptake and the Carotenoid Shift in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata Chromatophores Induced by Repeated Saturating Flashes. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2, 538-540.
  54. Prince, R. C., Cogdell, R. J., and Crofts, A. R. (1974). Light-Induced Proton Uptake by Bacterial Reaction Centres. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2, 162-164.
  55. Prince, R. C., Cogdell, R. J., and Crofts, A. R. (1974). The Photo Oxidation of Horse Heart Cytochrome c and Native Cytochrome c2 by Reaction Centres from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R26. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 347, 1-13.
  56. Prince, R. C., Crofts, A. R., and Steinrauf, L. K. (1974). A Comparison of Beauvericin, Enniatin and Valinomycin as Calcium Transporting Agents in Liposomes and Chromatophores. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 59, 697-703.
  57. Prince, R. C., Hauska, G., and Crofts, A. R. (1974). Asymmetry of the Bacterial Membrane: the Localization of Cytochrome c2 in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2, 534-537.
  58. Prince, R.C., Hauska, G. A., Crofts, A. R., Melandri, A. and Melandri, B. A. (1974). Asymmetry of an Energy-Coupling Membrane. The Immunological Localisation of Cytochrome c2 in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides In: Proc. Third International Cong. on Photosynthesis (Ed. by Avron, M.), pp. 769-776, Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  59. Zannoni, D., Baccarini-Melandri, A., Melandri, B. A., Evans, E. H., Prince, R. C., and Crofts, A. R. (1974). Energy Transduction in Photosynthetic Bacteria. The Nature of Cytochrome c Oxidase in the Respiratory Chain of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. FEBS Lett., 48, 152-155.
  60. Crofts, A. R., Crowther, D. and Tierney, G. V. (1975). Electrogenic Electron Transport in Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Electron Transfer Chains and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Ed. by Quagliariello, E., Papa, S., Palmieri, F., Slater, E. C., and Siliprandi, N.) pp. 233-241, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  61. Crofts, A. R., Holmes, N. G., and Crowther, D. (1975). Chemiosmotic Coupling in Photosynthetic Bacteria. In: Proc. Tenth FEBS Meeting, Vol. 40, Enzymes, Electron Transport Systems. (Ed. by Desnuelle, P. and Michelson, A. M.) pp. 287-304, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  62. Prince, R. C., Baccarini-Melandri, A., Hauska, G. A., Melandri, B. A., and Crofts, A. R. (1975). Asymmetry of an Energy Transducing Membrane. The Location of Cytochrome c2 in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Rps. capsulata. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 387, 212-227.
  63. Hill, R., Crofts, A.R., Prince, R. C., Evans, E. H., Good, N. E., and Walker, D. A. (1976). Uncoupling of Electron Transport by Anionic Quinonoid Redox Indicator Dyes. New Phytol., 77, 1-9.
  64. Cogdell, R. J., Celis, S., Celis, H., and Crofts, A. R. (1977). Reaction Centre Carotenoid Band Shifts. FEBS Lett., 80, 190-194.
  65. Crofts, A. R. (1977). Organization of Electron-Transport - A Report. In: Photosynthesis 77: Proc. of the 4th International Cong. on Photosynthesis, (Ed. by Hall, D. O., Coombs, J., and Goodwin, T. W.) pp. 223-232, The Biochemical Society, London, England.
  66. Crofts, A. R., Crowther, D., Bowyer, J., and Tierney, G. V. (1977). Electron Transport Through the Antimycin Sensitive Site in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. In: Structure and Function of Energy Transducing Membranes, (Ed. by van Dam, K. and van Golder, B. F.) pp. 139-155, Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  67. Crofts, A. R., Crowther, D., Celis, H., Almanza de Celis, S. and Tierney, G. (1977). Proton Pumps in Bacterial Photosynthesis. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 5, 491-495.
  68. Holmes, N. G. and Crofts, A. R. (1977). The Carotenoid Shift in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides; Change Induced Under Continuous Illumination. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 461, 141-150.
  69. Holmes, N. G. and Crofts, A. R. (1977). The Carotenoid Shift in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides; the Flash-Induced Change. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 459, 492-505.
  70. Saphon, S. and Crofts, A. R. (1977). The H+/e Ratio in Chloroplasts is 2. Possible Errors in its Determination. Z. Naturforsch. 32c, 810-816.
  71. Saphon, S. and Crofts, A. R. (1977). Protolytic Reactions in Photosystem II. A New Model for the Release of Protons Accompanying the Photooxidation of Water. Z. Naturforsch., 32c, 617-626.
  72. Bowes, J. M. and Crofts, A. R. (1978). Interactions of Protons with Transitions of the Water-splitting Enzyme of Photosystem II as Measured by Delayed Fluorescence. Z. Naturforsch., 33c, 271-275.
  73. Bowyer, J. R., Baccarini-Melandri, M. A., Melandri, B. A., and Crofts, A. R. (1978). The Role of Ubiquinone-10 in Cyclic Electron Transport in Rps. capsulata. Z. Naturforsch., 33c, 704-711.
  74. Bowyer, J. R. and Crofts, A. R. (1978). Inhibition of Electron Transport in Rps. capsulata by a Ubiquinone Analogue. In: Frontiers of Biological Energetics, Vol. I, (Ed. by Dutton, P. L., Leigh, J., and Scarpa, A.) pp. 326-333, Academic Press, New York, NY.
  75. Crofts, A. R. and Bowyer, J. R. (1978). Electron and Hydrogen Transfer Through the Antimycin Sensitive Site in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. In: The Proton and Calcium Pumps, (Ed. by Azzone, G. F.), pp. 55-64, Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  76. Crofts, A. R. and Saphon, S. (1978). The Proton Pumps of Photosynthesis. In: Frontiers in Physicochemical Biology, (Ed. by Pullman, B.) pp. 459-483, Academic Press, New York, NY.
  77. Crofts, A. R. and Wood, P. M. (1978). Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chains of Plants and Bacteria and their Role as Proton Pumps. In: Current Topics in Bioenergetics, (Ed. by Sanadi, D. R. and Vernon, L. P.) pp. 175-244, Academic Press, New York, NY.
  78. Harris, D. A. and Crofts, A. R. (1978). The Initial Stages of Photophosphorylation: Studies Using Excitation by Saturating Short Flashes of Light. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 502, 87-102.
  79. Bowes, J. M., Crofts, A. R., and Itoh, S. (1979). Effects of pH on Reactions on the Donor Side of Photosystem II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 547, 336-346.
  80. > Bowes, J. M., Crofts, A. R., and Itoh, S. (1979). A High Potential Acceptor for Photosystem II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 547, 320-335.
  81. Bowyer, J. R., Tierney, G. V., and Crofts, A. R. (1979). Cytochrome c2 - Reaction Centre Coupling in Chromatophores. FEBS Lett., 101, 207-212.
  82. Bowyer, J. R., Tierney, G. V., and Crofts, A. R. (1979). Secondary Electron Transfer in Chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata A1a pho- - Binary Oscillations. FEBS Lett., 101, 201-206.
  83. Crofts, A. R. (1979). Peter Mitchell and the Chemiosmotic Hypothesis. Biochem. Soc. Bull., 1, 4-7.
  84. Crofts, A. R. (1979). The Role of Quinones in Photosynthetic Electron Transport. In: Light-Induced Charge Separation in Biology and Chemistry, (Ed. by Gerischer, H. and Katz, J. J.) pp. 389-410, Dahlem Konferenzen, Berlin, W. Germany.
  85. Bowes, J. M. and Crofts, A. R. (1980). Binary Oscillations in the Rate of Reoxidation of the Primary Acceptor of Photosystem II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 590, 373-384.
  86. Bowes, J. M., Crofts, A. R., and Arntzen, C. J. (1980). Redox Reactions on the Reducing Side of Photosystem II in Chloroplasts with Altered Herbicide Binding Properties. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 200, 303-308.
  87. Bowyer, J. R. and Crofts, A. R. (1980). Light-induced Blue Shift of the Carotenoid Spectrum in Chromatophores of Chromatium vinosum Strain D. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 202, 542-591.
  88. Bowyer, J. R. and Crofts, A. R. (1980). The Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Chain of Chromatium vinosum Chromatophores. Flash-Induced Cytochrome b Reduction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 591, 298-311.
  89. Bowyer, J. R., Dutton, P. L., Prince, R. C., and Crofts, A. R. (1980) The Role of the Rieske Iron-Sulfur Center as the Electron Donor to Ferricytochrome c2 in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 592, 445-460.
  90. Crofts, A. R. and Bowyer, J. R. (1980). The Cyclic Electron Transport Chain of Photosynthetic Bacteria and its Role as a Proton Pump. In: Cation and Proton Transport, (Ed. by Brodsky, W. A.) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 341, 12-28.
  91. Govindjee, R., Ebrey, T. G., and Crofts, A. R. (1980). The Quantum Efficiency of Proton Pumping by the Purple Membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Biophys. J., 30, 231-242.
  92. Holmes, N. G., Hunter, C. N., Niederman, R. A., and Crofts, A. R. (1980). Identification of the Pigment Pool Responsible for the Flash-Induced Carotenoid Band Shift in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophores. FEBS Lett., 115, 43-48.
  93. Symons, M. and Crofts, A. R. (1980). Flash-induced Electrochromic Band Shifts, Is It a Simple Mechanism? Z. Naturforsch., 35c, 139-144.
  94. Bowes, J. M. and Crofts, A. R. (1981). Effect of DBMIB on the Secondary Electron Acceptor B of Photosystem II. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 209, 682-686.
  95. Bowes, J. M. and Crofts, A. R. (1981). The Role of pH and Membrane Potential in the Reactions of Photosystem II as Measured by Effects on Delayed Fluorescence. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 637, 464-472.
  96. Bowyer, J. R., Meinhardt, S. W., Tierney, G. V., and Crofts, A. R. (1981). Resolved Difference Spectra of Redox Centers Involved in Photosynthetic Electron Flow in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and Rps. sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 635, 167-186.
  97. Bowyer, J. R. and Crofts, A. R. (1981). Light-Induced Red Shift of the Qx Absorption Band of Light-Harvesting Bacteriochlorophyll in Rps. capsulata and Rps. sphaeroides. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 207, 416-426.
  98. Bowyer, J. R. and Crofts, A. R. (1981). On the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Electron Transfer in Rps. capsulata and Rps. sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 636, 218-233.
  99. Kendall-Tobias, M. W. and Crofts, A. R. (1981). Primary and Secondary Electron Transfer in Hexane-solubilized Proteolipid Complexes of Rps. sphaeroides R-26. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 100, 1444-1452.
  100. Kendall-Tobias, M. W., Celis, H., Almanza de Celis, S., and Crofts, A. R. (1981). Hexane-solubilized reaction Centre Proteolipid Complexes of Rps. sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 635, 585-601.
  101. Rutherford, A.W., Mullet, J.E. and Crofts, A.R. (1981). Measurement of the Midpoint Potential of the Pheophytin Acceptor of Photosystem II. FEBS Lett., 123, 235-237.
  102. Rutherford, A. W., Mullet, J. E., Paterson, D. R., Robinson, H. H., Arntzen, C. J. and Crofts, A. R. (1981). Some Biophysical Properties of Purified PS I and PS II Particles. In: Photosynthesis III, Structure and Molecular Organisation of the Photosynthesis Apparatus. (Ed. by Akoyunogou, G.), pp. 19-928, Balaban Int. Sci. Serv., Philadelphia.
  103. Baccarini-Melandri, A., Gabellini, N., Melandri, B.A., Jones, K.R., Rutherford, A.W., Crofts, A.R. and Hurt, E. (1982). Differential Extraction and Structural Specificity of Specialized Ubiquinone Molecules in Secondary Electron Transfer in Chromatophores from Rps. sphaeroides GA. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 216, 566-580.
  104. Cramer, W. and Crofts, A. R. (1982). Electron and Proton Transport. In: Photosynthesis: Energy Conversion by Plants and Bacteria, (Ed. by Govindjee) Vol. I, Academic Press, New York, NY, pp. 387-467.
  105. Crofts, A. R. and Meinhardt, S. W. (1982). A Q-cycle Mechanism for the Cyclic Electron Transfer Chain of Rps. sphaeroides Biochem. Soc. Trans., 10, 201-203.
  106. Crofts, A. R., Meinhardt, S. W., and Bowyer, J. R. (1982). The Electron Transport Chain of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. In: Function of Quinones in Energy Conserving Systems, (Ed. by Trumpower, B.), pp. 447-498. Academic Press, New York.
  107. Crofts, A. R., Meinhardt, S. W., Snozzi, M. and Jones, K. R. (1982). A Q-cycle Mechanism for Cyclic Electron Transport in Rps. sphaeroides. 2nd EBEC Short Reports, pp. 327-328.
  108. Meinhardt, S.W. and Crofts, A.R. (1982). Kinetic and Thermodynamic Resolution of Cytochrome c1 and Cytochrome c2 from Rps. sphaeroides. FEBS Lett., 149, 223-227.
  109. Meinhardt, S.W. and Crofts, A.R. (1982). The Site and Mechanism of Action of Myxothiazol as an Inhibitor of Electron Transport in Rps. sphaeroides. FEBS Lett., 149, 217-222.
  110. Kakitani, T. Honig, B. and Crofts, A.R. (1982). Theoretical Studies of the Electrochromic Response of Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Membranes. Biophys. J., 39, 57-63.
  111. Rutherford, A. W., Crofts, A. R. and Inoue, Y. (1982). Thermoluminescence as a Probe of Photosystem II Photochemistry; the Origin of the Flash Induced Glow Peaks. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 682, 457-465.
  112. Whitmarsh, J., Bowyer, J. R. and Crofts, A. R. (1982). Modification of the Apparent Redox Reaction between Cytochrome f and the Rieske FeS Protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 682, 404-412.
  113. Crofts, A. R. and Wraight, C. A. (1983). The Electrochemical Domain of Photosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 726, 149-186.
  114. Crofts, A. R., Meinhardt, S. W., Jones, K. R. and Snozzi, M. (1983). The Role of the Quinone Pool in the Cyclic Electron Transfer Chain of Rps. sphaeroides: A Modified Q-cycle Mechanism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 723, 202-218.
  115. Meinhardt, S. W. and Crofts, A. R. (1983). The Role of Cytochrome b566 in the Electron Transfer Chain of Rps. sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 723, 219-230.
  116. Robinson, H. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1983). Kinetics of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of the Photosystem II Quinone Acceptor Complex, and the Pathway for Deactivation. FEBS Lett., 153, 221-226.
  117. Taoka, S., Robinson, H. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1983). Kinetics of the Reactions of the Two-electron Gate of Photosystem_II: Studies of the Competition between Plastoquinone and Inhibitors. In: The Oxygen Evolving System of Photosynthesis. (Inoue, Y., Crofts, A. R., Govindjee, Murata, N., Renger, G., and Satoh, K., eds.), pp. 369-382, Academic Press, Tokyo, Japan.
  118. Yerkes, C. T., Babcock, G. T. and Crofts, A. R. (1983). A Tris-induced Change in the Midpoint Potential of Z, the Donor to Photosystem II, as Determined by the Kinetics of the Back-reaction. FEBS Lett., 158, 359-363.
  119. Crofts, A. R., Robinson, H. H. and Snozzi, M. (1984). Reactions of Quinones at Catalytic Sites; a Diffusional Role in H-transfer. In: Advances in Photosynthesis Research (Sybesma, C., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 461-468, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
  120. Glaser, E.G. and Crofts, A.R. (1984) A New Electrogenic Step in the Ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complex of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 766, 322-333.
  121. Meinhardt, S. W. and Crofts, A. R. (1984). A New Effect of Antimycin on the b-cytochromes of Rps. sphaeroides, In: Advances in Photosynthesis Research (Sybesma, C., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 649-652, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
  122. Robinson, H. H. and Crofts, A. R. (1984). Kinetics of Proton Uptake and the Oxidation-reduction Reactions of the Quinone Acceptor Complex of Photosystem_II from Pea Chloroplasts. In: Advances in Photosynthesis Research (Sybesma, C., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 477-480, Martinus Nijhoff/ Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
  123. Snozzi, M. and Crofts, A.R. (1984) Electron Transport in Chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides Ga fused with liposomes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 766, 451-463.
  124. Snozzi, M. and Crofts, A. R. (1984). Diffusion Controlled Rates in Bacterial Photosynthetic Electron Transport as Studied by Fusion of Chromatophores of Rps. sphaeroides with Liposomes. In: Advances in Photosynthesis Research (Sybesma, C., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 755-758, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
  125. Yerkes, C. T. and Crofts, A. R. (1984). The Mechanism of the ADRY-induced Photo-oxidation of Cytochrome b-559, In: Advances in Photosynthesis Research (Sybesma, C., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 489-492, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
  126. Itoh, S., Yerkes, C.T., Koike, H., Robinson, H.H. and Crofts, A.R. (1984). Effect of Chloride Depletion on Electron Donation from the Water Oxidizing Complex of Photosystem II Reaction Center as Measured by the Microsecond Rise of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Isolated Pea Chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 766, 612-622.
  127. Glaser, E.G., Meinhardt, S.W. and Crofts, A.R. (1984) Reduction of Cytochrome b561 through the Antimycin-sensitive Site of the Ubiquinol:cytochrome c2 Oxidoreductase Complex of Rps. sphaeroides. FEBS Lett. 178, 336-342.
  128. Crofts, A. R. (1985). The Mechanism of the Ubiquinol:cytochrome c Oxidoreductases of Mitochondria and of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, In: The Enzymes of Biological Membranes, (Martonosi, A.N., ed.), Vol. 4, pp. 347-382, Plenum Publ. Corp., New York.
  129. Meinhardt, S.W., Kiley, P.J., Kaplan, S., Crofts, A.R. and Harayama, S. (1985) Characterization of Light-Harvesting Mutants of Rps. sphaeroides. I. Measurement of the Efficiency of Energy Transfer from Light-Harvesting Complexes to the Reaction Center. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 236, 130-139.
  130. Snozzi, M. and Crofts, A.R. (1985) Kinetics of the c-cytochromes in chromatophores from Rps. sphaeroides as a function of the concentration of cytochrome c2: Influence of this concentration on the oscillation of the secondary acceptor of the reaction center, QB. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 809, 260-270.
  131. Crofts, A.R., Glaser, E. and Meinhardt, S.W. (1985) Electrogenic Processes of the Ubiquinol:cyt c2 Oxidoreductase. In: Proton Pumping in Photosynthesis and Respiration, (Crofts, A.R., Joliot, P. and Mitchell, P., Scientific Committee) Table Ronde Roussel-UCLAF, 52, 24.
  132. Crofts, A.R. (1985) Kinetics of Protonmotive Electron Transfer in Rps. sphaeroides. In: Quinones in the Photosynthetic Membranes, Meeting at St. Lambert des Bois, Paris. (Mathis, P. and Trebst, A., Organising Committee), pp. 11-13.
  133. Crofts, A.R. (1986) Reaction center and UQH2:cyt c2 oxidoreductase act as independent enzymes in Rps. sphaeroides. J. Bioenerg. Biomemb. 18, 437-446.
  134. Venturoli, G., Fernandez Velasco, J.G., Crofts, A.R. and Melandri, B.A. (1986) Demonstration of a collisional interaction of ubiquinone with the ubiquinol:cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complex in chromatophores of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 851, 340-352.
  135. Wang, Z., Berry, E.A. and Crofts, A.R. (1986) Electron Transfer from quinol to cytochrome b-561 is not diffusion limited in the ubiquinol:cyt c2 oxidoreductase of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Proc. VII Internatl. Cong. Photosynthesis (Biggin, J., ed.), Vol 2, pp. 493-496.
  136. Taoka, S. and Crofts, A.R. (1986) Competition of Inhibitors with the secondary quinone in dark-adapted thylakoid membranes. Proc. VII Internatl. Cong. Photosynthesis (Biggin, J., ed.), Vol 2, pp. 425-428.
  137. Kramer, D. Adawi, O., Morse II, P. and Crofts, A.R. (1986) A portable double-flash spectrophotometer for measuring the kinetics of electron transport components in intact leaves. Proc. VII Internatl. Cong. Photosynthesis (Biggin, J., ed.), Vol 2, 665-668.
  138. Berry, E.A. and Crofts, A.R. (1986) Cytochrome oxidase of photosynthetically grown Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Proc. VII Internatl. Cong. Photosynthesis (Biggin, J., ed.), Vol 2, pp.
  139. Glaser, E. and Crofts, A.R. (1986) Studies of the electrogenicity of the reduction of cytochrome b-561 through the antimycin-sensitive site of the ubiquinol:cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Proceeding of the 4th. EBEC Meeting, Prague, p. 122
  140. Robinson, H. and Crofts, A.R. (1986) Kinetics of the changes in oxidation-reduction states of the acceptors and donors of photosystem II in pea thylakoids measured by flash fluorescence. Proc. VII Internatl. Cong. Photosynthesis (Biggin, J., ed.), Vol 2, pp. 429-432.
  141. Venturoli, G., Virgili, M., Melandri, B.A. and Crofts, A.R. (1986) Kinetic measurements of electron transport in coupled chromatophores from Photosynthetic bacteria: A method of correction for electrochromic effects. FEBS Lett. 219, 477-484
  142. Crofts, A.R., Robinson, H.H., Andrews, K., Van Doren, S. and Berry, E. (1987) Catalytic sites for reduction and oxidation of quinones. In "Cytochrome Systems: Molecular Biology and Bioenergetics", Papa, S., Chance, B. and Ernster, L., eds. pp. 617-624, Plenum Publ., New York.
  143. Glaser, E. and Crofts, A.R. (1987) Studies of the electrogenicity of the reduction of cytochrome b-561 through the antimycin-sensitive site of the ubiquinol:cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. In "Cytochrome Systems: Molecular Biology and Bioenergetics", Papa, S., Chance, B. and Ernster, L., eds. pp. 625-631, Plenum Publ., New York.
  144. Donohue, T.J., McEwan, A.G., Van Doren, S., Crofts, A.R. and Kaplan, S. (1988) Phenotypic and genetic characterization of cytochrome c2 deficient mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochemistry, 27, 1918-1925.
  145. Nitschke, W., Hauska, G. and Crofts, A.R. (1988) Fast electron transfer from low- to high-potential cytochrome b6 in isolated cytochrome b6f complex. FEBS Lett. 232, 204-208.
  146. Venturoli, G., Fernandez-Velasco, J.G., Crofts, A.R.and Melandri, B.A. (1988) The effect of the size of the quinone pool on the electrogenic reactions in the UQH2:cyt c2 oxidoreductase of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Pool behavior at the quinone reductase site. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 935, 258-272.
  147. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1989) Activation of the chloroplast ATP-ase measured by the electrochromic change in leaves of intact plants. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 976, 28-41.
  148. Govindjee, Robinson, H., Crofts, A.R. and Van Rensen, J.J. (1989) Bicarbonate does not influence electron transfer to the reaction center chlorophyll a of photosystem II. Naturwissenschaften 76, 119-121.
  149. Crofts, A.R. and Wang, Z. (1989) How rapid are the internal reactions of the UQH2:cyt c2 oxidoreductase? Photosynth. Res. 22, 69-87.
  150. Crofts, A.R., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Mahalingham, S., Yun, C.-H. and Gennis, R.B. (1990) Function, steady state turn-over, and structure of the UQH2:cyt c2 oxidoreductase of Rb. sphaeroides. In Highlights in Ubiquinone Research (Lenaz, G., Barnabei, O., Rabbi, A. and Battino, M., eds.), pp. 98-103, Taylor & Francis, Ltd, London
  151. Andrews, K.M., Crofts, A.R. and Gennis, R.B. (1990) Large scale purification and characterization of a highly active four-subunit cytochrome bc1 complex from Rb. sphaeroides. Biochemistry, 29, 2645-2651.
  152. Wise, R.R., Frederick, J.R., Alm, D.M., Kramer, D.M., Hesketh, J.D., Crofts, A.R. and Ort, D.R. (1990) Investigation of the limitation to photosynthesis induced by leaf water deficit in field grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant, Cell and Environment, 13, 923-931.
  153. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) Demonstration of a highly sensitive portable double-flash kinetic spectrophotometer for measurement of electron transfer reactions in intact plants. Photosynthesis Research, 23, 231-240.
  154. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) A portable multi-flash fluorimeter for measurement of donor and acceptor reactions of photosystem 2 in leaves of intact plants under field conditions. Photosynthesis Research, 26, 181-193.
  155. Fenton, J.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) Computer aided fluorescence imaging of photosynthetic systems: application of video imaging to the study of fluorescence induction in green plants and photosynthetic bacteria. Photosynthesis Research, 26, 59-66.
  156. Taoka, S. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) Two-electron gate in Triazine resistant and susceptible Amaranthus hybridus. In Current Research in Photosynthesis (Baltscheffsky, M. ed.) Vol. I, pp. 547-550. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  157. Yerkes, C.T., Kramer, D.M., Fenton, J.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) UV-Photoinhibition: Studies in vitro and in intact plants. In Current Research in Photosynthesis (Baltscheffsky, M. ed.) Vol. II, pp. 381-384. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  158. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) Diurnal pattern of chloroplast coupling factor oxidation kinetics in intact sunflower leaves. In Current Research in Photosynthesis (Baltscheffsky, M. ed.) Vol. III, pp. 89-92. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  159. Crofts, A.R., Yun, C.-H., Gennis, R.B. and Mahalingham, S. (1990) Prediction of structure for cytochrome b from sequence data: What information is available from sequence comparison. In Current Research in Photosynthesis (Baltscheffsky, M. ed.) Vol. III, pp. 263-266. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  160. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) A Q-cycle mechanism for electron transfer in chloroplasts. In: Current Research in Photosynthesis (Baltscheffsky, M. ed.) Vol. III, pp. 283-286. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  161. Chen, Y. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) Operation of UQH2:cyt c2 oxidoreductase of Rb. sphaeroides in the steady state. In: Current Research in Photosynthesis (Baltscheffsky, M. ed.) Vol. III, pp. 287-290. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  162. Wang, Z. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) The mechanism of quinol oxidation: Activation barriers in UQH2:cyt c2 oxidoreductase. In: Current Research in Photosynthesis (Baltscheffsky, M. ed.) Vol. III, pp. 291-294. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  163. Bowyer, J., Hilton, M., Whitelegge, J., Jewess, P., Camilleri, P., Crofts, A. and Robinson, H. (1990) Molecular modelling studies on the binding of phenylurea inhibitors to the D1 protein of Photosystem II. Z. Naturforsch., 45c, 379-387.
  164. Yun, C.-H., Beci, R., Crofts, A.R., Kaplan, S. and Gennis, R.B. (1990) Cloning and DNA Sequencing of the fbc Operon Encoding the Cytochrome bc1 complex from Rb. sphaeroides: Characterization of fbc Deletion Mutants, and Complementation by a Site-Specific Mutational Variant. Europ. J. Biochem. 194, 399-411
  165. Walsh, L.L. and Crofts, A.R. (1990) Partitionof amino acids into secondary structure is biased by the hydrophobic effect. Abstracts, Fourth Symp. Protein Soc.
  166. Yun, C.-H., Van Doren, S.R., Crofts, A.R., and Gennis, R.B. (1991) The Use of Gene Fusions to Examine the Membrane Topology of the L-Subunit of the Photosynthetic Reaction Center and of the Cytochrome b Subunit of the bc1 Complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 10967-10973.
  167. Fernandez Velasco, J. and Crofts, A.R. (1991) Complexes or super complexes: Inhibitor titrations show that electron transfer in chromatophores from Rb. sphaeroides involves a dimeric ubiquinol: cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase , and is delocalized. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 19, 588-593
  168. Yun, C.-H., Crofts, A.R. and Gennis, R.B. (1991) Assignment of the histidine axial ligands to the cytochrome bH and cytochrome bL components of the bc1 complex from Rb. sphaeroides by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry, 30, 6747-6754
  169. Konishi, K., Van Doren, S.R., Kramer, D.M., Crofts, A.R., and Gennis, R.B. (1991) Preparation and Characterization of the Water-Soluble Heme-Binding Domain of Cytochrome c1 from the Rhodobacter sphaeroides bc1 Complex. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 14270-14276
  170. Xu, C., Taoka, S., Crofts, A.R. and Govindjee (1991) Kinetic characteristics of formate/formic acid binding at the plastoquinone reductase site in spinach thylakoids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1098, 32-40.
  171. Yun, C.-H., Wang, Z., Crofts, A.R. and Gennis, R.B. (1992) Examination of the functional roles of five highly conserved residues in the cytochrome b subunit of the bc1 complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5901-5909
  172. Foguel, D., Chaloub, R. Silva, J.L., Crofts, A.R. and Weber, G. (1992) Pressure and low temperature effects on the fluorescence emission spectra and lifetime of the photosynthetic components of Cyanobacteria. Biophysical J., 63, 1613-1622.
  173. Crofts, A.R., Hacker, B., Barquera, B., Yun, C.-H. and Gennis, R.B. (1992) Structure and Function of the bc-complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. In Research in Photosynthesis (Murata, N., ed.), Vol. II, pp. 463-470. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
  174. Crofts, A.R., Hacker, B., Barquera, B., Yun, C.-H. and Gennis, R. (1992) Structure and function of the bc-complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1101, 162-165
  175. Kanazawa, A., Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1992) Temperature dependence of PS2 electron transfer reactions measured by flash-induced fluorescence changes.In "Research in Photosynthesis" (Murata, N., ed.), Vol II, pp. 131-134. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  176. Yerkes, C.T. and Crofts, A.R. (1992) Quenching of fluorescence in PS II by pH: Mechanism and effects of Antimycin. EBEC Short Reports 7: 5
  177. Semenov, A.Yu., Bloch, D.A., Crofts, A.R., Drachev, L.A., Gennis, R.B., Mulkidjanian, A.Ya. and Yun, C.-H. (1992) Electrogenic events in chromatophores from Rhodobacter sphaeroides lacking high-potential cytochrome b of the bc1-complex. Biochim. Biophys Acta 1101, 166-167
  178. Yerkes, C.T. and Crofts, A.R. ((1992) The quenching of fluorescence in PS II by pH: Dependence on the state of the oxygen evolving complex, and effects of antimycin. In "Research in Photosynthesis" (Murata, N., ed.), Vol II, pp. 635-638. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London
  179. Van Doren, S.R., Yun, C-H., Crofts, A.R. and Gennis, R. (1993) Assembly of the Rieske iron-sulfur subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex in Escherichia coli and Rhodobacter sphaeroides membranes independent of the cytochrome b and c1 subunits. Biochemistry 32, 628-636
  180. Van Doren, S.R., Gennis, R.B., Barquera, B. and Crofts, A.R. (1993) Site-Directed Mutations of Conserved Residues of the Rieske Iron-Sulfur Subunit of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Blocking or Impairing Quinol Oxidation. Biochemistry, 32, 8083-8091.
  181. Hacker, B., Barquera, B., Crofts, A.R. and Gennis, R.B. (1993) Characterization of mutations in the cytochrome b subunit of the bc1 complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides that affect the quinone reductase site (Qc). Biochemistry 32, 4403-4410
  182. Crofts, A.R., Baroli, I., Kramer, D. and Taoka, S. (1993) Kinetics of electron transfer between QA and QB in wild-type and herbicide-resistant mutants of C. rheinhardtii, Z. Naturforsch. 48c, 259-266.
  183. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1993) A Q-cycle-type model for turn-over of the bf complex under a wide range of redox conditions. In "Research in Photosynthesis" (Murata, N., ed.), Vol II, pp. 491-494. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London
  184. Gennis, R.B., Barquera, B., Hacker, B., Van Doren, S.R., Arnaud, S., Crofts, A.R., Davidson, E., Gray, K.A. and Daldal, F. (1993) The bc1-complexes of Rhodobacter sphearoides and Rhodobacter capsulatus. J. Bioenerg. Biomemb. 25, 195-209
  185. Groom, Q.J., Kramer, D.M., Crofts, A.R. and Ort, D.R. (1993) The non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinone in leaves. Photosynthesis Research, 36, 205-215.
  186. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1993) The concerted reduction of the high and low potential chains of the bf complex by plastoquinol. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1183, 72-84.
  187. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1993) Re-examination of the properties and function of the b cytochromes of the thylakoid cytochrome bf complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1184, 193-201
  188. Kramer, D.M., Joliot, A., Joliot, P. and Crofts, A.R. (1993) Competition among plastoquinol and artificial quinone/quinol couples at the quinol oxidizing site of the cytochrome bf complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1184, 251-262.
  189. Gabrys, H., Kramer, D.M., Crofts, A.R. and Ort, D.R. (1994) Mutants of Chloroplast Coupling Factor Reduction in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 104, 769-770
  190. Yun, C.-H., Barquera, B., Iba, K, Takamiya, K.-I., Shapleigh, J., Crofts, A.R. and Gennis, R.B. (1994) Deletion of the gene encoding cytochrome b562 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 120, 105-11
  191. Crofts, A.R. and Yerkes, C.T. (1994) A Molecular Mechanism for QE-quenching. FEBS Lett., 352, 265-270.
  192. Minagawa, J. and Crofts, A.R. (1994) A robust protocol for site-directed mutagenesis of the D1 protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a PCR-spliced psbA gene in a plasmid conferring spectinomycin resistance was introduced into a psbA deletion strain. Photosynth. Research, 42, 121-132.
  193. Hacker, B., Barquera, B. Gennis, R.B. and Crofts A.R. (1994) Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Arginine-114 and Tryptophan-129 in the Cytochrome b Subunit of the bc1 Complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides : Two Highly Conserved Residues Predicted to be Near the Cytoplasmic Surface of Putative Transmembrane Helices B and C. Biochemistry, 33, 13022-13031
  194. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts A.R. (1995) Control and Measurement of Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Vivo. In Advances in Photosynthesis: Environmental Stress and Photosynthesis (Baker, N. R., ed.). pp. In press. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  195. Crofts, A.R., Barquera, B., Bechmann, G., Guergova, M, Salcedo-Hernandez, R., Hacker, B., Hong, S. and Gennis, R.B. (1995) Structure and function in the bc1-complex of Rb. sphaeroides. Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. (Mathis, P., ed.), Vol. II, pp. 493-500. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht.
  196. Minagawa, J., Kramer, D.M., Kanazawa, A. and Crofts, A.R. (1995) Aberrant electron transfer in D1-Y161F mutant from C. reinhardtii - a donor-side photoinhibition. Proc. Xth. Internatl. Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. (Mathis, P., ed.), Vol. II, pp. 481-484. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht.
  197. Yerkes, C.T. and Crofts, A.R. (1995) Antimycin inhibits qE-quenching by a protonophoric mechanism. Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. (Mathis, P., ed.), Vol. III, pp. 115-118. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht.
  198. Kullander, C., Fredrikson, P.-O., Sayre, R.T., Minagawa, J., Crofts, A.R. and Styring, S. (1995) Electron donation from exogenous donors to photosystem II studied in C. reinhardtii mutants. Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. (Mathis, P., ed.), Vol. II, pp. 321-324. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht.
  199. Kanazawa, A., Crofts, A.R. and Kramer, D.M. (1995) Electron transfer reactions in cryophylic algae. Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. (Mathis, P., ed.), Vol. II, pp. 731-734. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht.
  200. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts, A.R. (1995) A chain reaction mechanism for oxidation of the fully reduced cytochrome bf-complex. Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. (Mathis, P., ed.), Vol. II, pp. 575-578. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht.
  201. Minagawa, J., Kramer, D.M., Kanazawa, A. and Crofts, A.R. (1996) Donor-side photoinhibition in photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon mutation of tyrosine-Z in the D1 polypeptide to phenylalaine. FEBS Lett. 389, 199-202.
  202. Kramer, D.M. and Crofts A.R. (1996) "Control and Measurement of Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Vivo". In: Advances in Photosynthesis: Environmental Stress and Photosynthesis (Baker, N. R., ed.). pp. 25-66. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London.
  203. Witthuhn, V.C., Gao, J., Hong, S., Halls, S., Rott, M., Wraight, C.A., Crofts, A.R. and Donohue, T. (1997) The reactions of isocytochrome c2 in the photosynthetic chain of Rb. sphaeroides. Biochemistry 36, 903-911.
  204. Crofts, A. R., Guergova-Kuras, M. and Hong, S. (1998) Chromatophore heterogeneity explains effects previously attributed to supercomplexes. Photosynth. Res. 55, 357-362. Reprint
  205. Crofts, A.R., Barquera, B., Gennis, R.B., Kuras, R., Guergova-Kuras, M. and Berry, E.A. (1999) Mechanistic aspects of the Qo-site of the bc1 complex as revealed by mutagensis studies, and the crystallographic structure. In "The Phototrophic Prokaryotes - Proc. ISPP Meeting, Vienna, Sept. 1997", ed. by Peschek, G.A., Loeffelhardt, W., and Schmetterer, G. pp. 229-239. Plenum Publishing Corporation (New York - London - Washington, D.C. - Boston). Reprint
  206. Zhang, Z., Huang, L., Shulmeister, V.M., Chi, Y.-I., Kim, K.K., Hung, L.-W., Crofts, A.R., Berry, E.A., and Kim, S-H. (1998) Electron transfer by domain movement in cytochrome bc1. Nature (Lond.) 392, 677-684. Reprint
  207. Jin Xiong, J., Minagawa, J., Crofts, A.R. and Govindjee (1998) Loss of Inhibition by Formate in Newly Constructed Photosystem II D1 Mutants, D1-R257E and D1-R257M, of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1365, 473-491.
  208. Crofts, A.R. and Berry, E.A. (1998) Structure and function of the cytochrome bc1 complex of mitochondria and photosynthetic bacteria. Curr. Opinions in Struc. Biol. 8, 501-509. Reprint
  209. Kuras, R., Guergova-Kuras, M. and Crofts, A.R. (1998) Steps Toward Constructing a Cytochrome b6f Complex in the Purple Bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides: An Example of the Structural Plasticity of a Membrane Cytochrome. Biochemistry 37, 16280-16288. Reprint (PDF file)
  210. Crofts, A.R., Guergova-Kuras, M., Huang, L.-S., Kuras, R., Zhang, Z. and Berry, E.A.(1999) The mechanism of ubiquinol oxidation by the bc1 complex: the role of the iron sulfur protein, and its mobility. Biochemistry 38, 15791-15806. Reprint

  211. Izrailev, S., Crofts, A.R., Berry, E.A. and Schulten. K. (1999) Steered Molecular Dynamics simulation of the Rieske subunit motion in the cytochrome bc1 complex. Biophys. J. 77, 1753-1768. Reprint
  212. Crofts, A.R., Berry, E.A., Kuras, R., Guergova-Kuras, M., Hong, S. and Ugulava, N. (1998) Structures of the bc1 complex reveal dynamic aspects of mechanism. In "Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects" (ed. by Garab, G.). Vol. III, pp. 1481-1486. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht/Boston/London. Reprint (PDF format).

  213. Ugulava, N.B. and Crofts, A.R. (1998) CD-monitored redox titration of the Rieske Fe-S protein of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: pH dependence of the mid-point potential in isolated bc1 complex and in membranes. FEBS Lett.,440, 409-413. Reprint (PDF format)

  214. Crofts, A.R., Hong, S.J., Ugulava, N., Barquera, B., Gennis, R.B., Guergova-Kuras, M., and Berry, E. (1999) Pathways for proton release during ubihydroquinone oxidation by the bc1 complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 96, 10021-10026. Reprint

  215. Crofts, A.R., Hong, S., Zhang, Z. and Berry, E.A. (1999) Physicochemical aspects of the movement of the Rieske iron sulfur protein during quinol oxidation by the bc1 complex. Biochemistry 38, 15827-15839. Reprint
  216. Crofts, A.R., Barquera, B., Gennis, R.B., Kuras, R., Guergova-Kuras, M. and Berry, E.A. (1999) The mechanism of ubiquinol oxidation by the bc1 complex: the different domains of the quinol binding pocket, and their role in mechanism, and the binding of inhibitors. Biochemistry 38, 15807-15826. Reprint

  217. Hong, S.J., Ugulava, N., Guergova-Kuras, M., and Crofts, A.R. (1999) The energy landscape for ubihydroquinone oxidation at the Qo-site of the bc1 complex in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 33931-33944. Reprint, or Download an interactive program to explore Marcus curves for Qo electron transfer reactions

  218. Crofts, A.R. (2000) Photosynthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Trends in Microbiol. 8, 105.
  219. Crofts, A.R. (2000) Response from Crofts. Trends in Microbiol. 8, 107-108.
  220. Guergova-Kuras, M., Kuras, R., Ugulava, N., Hadad, I., and Crofts, A.R. (2000) Specific mutagenesis of the Rieske iron sulfur protein in Rhodobacter sphaeroides shows that both thermodynamic gradient and the pK of the oxidized form determine the rate of quinol oxidation by the bc1 complex. Biochemistry 39, 7436-7444. Reprint
  221. Crofts, A.R., Guergova-Kuras, M., Kuras, R., Ugulava, N., Li, J. and Hong, S. (2000) Proton-coupled electron transfer at the Qo-site: what type of mechanism can account for the high activation barrier? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1459, 456-466. Reprint
  222. Berry, E., Guergova-Kuras, M., Huang, L.-S. and Crofts, A.R. (2000) Structure and Function of Cytochrome bc complexes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69, 1007-77. Reprint
  223. Shinkarev, V.P., Ugulava, N.B., Takahashi, E., Crofts, A.R. and Wraight, C.A. (2000) Aspartate-187 of cytochrome b is not needed for DCCD inhibition of ubiquinol: cytochrome c oxidoreductase in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores. Biochemistry, 39, 14232-14237. Reprint
  224. Shinkarev, V.P., Ugulava, N.B., Crofts, A.R. and Wraight, C.A. (2000) DCCD inhibits the reactions of the iron-sulfur protein in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores. Biochemistry, 39, 16206-16212. Reprint
  225. Ruffle, S.V., Wang, J., Johnston, H.G., Gustafson, T.L., Hutchison, R.S., Minagawa, J., Crofts, A.R., and Sayre, R.T. (2001). Photosystem II Peripheral Accessory Chlorophyll Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochemical Characterization and Sensitivity to Photo-Inhibition. Plant Physiol. 127, 633–644. Reprint
  226. Shinkarev, V.P., Crofts, A.R. and Wraight, C.A. (2001) The Electric Field Generated by Photosynthetic Reaction Center Induces Rapid Reversed Electron Transfer in the bc1 Complex, Biochemistry 40, 12584-12590.Reprint
  227. Samoilova, R.I., Kolling, D., Uzawa, T., Iwasaki, T., Crofts, A.R. and Dikanov, S.A. (2002) The interaction of the Rieske iron sulfur protein with occupants of the Qo-site of the bc1 complex, probed by 1D and 2D Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 4605-4608.Reprint
  228. Zangerl, A.R., J. G. Hamilton, J.G., Miller, T.J., Crofts, A.R., Oxborough, K., Berenbaum, M.R. and DeLucia, E.H. (2002) Impact of folivory on photosynthesis is greater than the sum of its holes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 1088-1091.Reprint
  229. Muller, F., Crofts, A.R. and Kramer, D.M. (2002) Multiple Q-cycle bypass reactions at the Qo-site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Biochemistry 41, 7866-7874.Reprint
  230. Crofts, A.R., Shinkarev, V.P., Dikanov, S.A., Samoilova, R.I., Kolling, D. (2002) Interactions of quinone with the iron-sulfur protein of the bc1 complex: Is the mechanism spring-loaded? Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1555, 48-53Reprint
  231. Shinkarev, V.P., Kolling, D.R.J., Miller, T.J. and Crofts, A.R. (2002) Modulation of the Midpoint Potential of the [2Fe-2S] Rieske Iron Sulfur Center by Qo Occupants in the bc1 Complex. Biochemistry 41, 14372-14382Reprint
  232. Crofts, A.R., Shinkarev, V.P., Kolling, D.R.J. and Hong, S. (2003) The modified Q-cycle explains the apparent mismatch between the kinetics of reduction of cytochromes c1 and bH in the bc1 complex. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 36191-36201Reprint
  233. Kolling, D.R.J., Samoilova, R.I., Holland, J.T., Berry, E.A, Dikanov, S.A., and Crofts, A.R. (2003) Exploration of ligands to the Qi-site semiquinone in the bc1 complex using high resolution EPR. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 39747-39754Reprint
  234. Crofts, A.R. (2003) Proton-coupled electron transfer at the Qo-site of the bc1 complex controls the rate of ubihydroquinone oxidation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, in pressReprint
  235. Zu, Y., Manon, M.-J., Couture, M.M.-J., Kolling, D.R.J., Crofts, A.R., Eltis, L.D., Fee, J.A. and Hirst, J. (2003) The reduction potentials of Rieske clusters: the importance of the coupling between oxidation state and histidine protonation state. Biochemistry 42, 12400-12408Reprint
  236. Wang, Q., Crofts, A.R. and Padua, G.W. (2003) Protein-Lipid Interactions in Zein Films Investigated by Surface Plasmon Resonance. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 7439-7444Reprint
  237. Crofts, A.R., Lhee, S., Crofts, S.B., Cheng, J. and Rose, S. (2006) Proton pumping in the bc1 complex: A new gating mechanism that prevents short circuits. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1757, 1019-1034. Reprint
  238. Iwasaki, T., Kounosu, A., Kolling, D.R.J., Lhee, S., Crofts, A.R., Dikanov, S.A., Uchiyama, T., Kumasaka, T., Ishikawa, H., Kono, M, Imai, T. and Urushiyama, A. (2006) Resonance Raman characterization of archaeal and bacterial Rieske protein variants with modified hydrogen bond network around the [2Fe-2S] center. Protein Science 15, 2019–2024. Reprint
  239. Shinkarev, V.P., Crofts, A.R. and Wraight, C.A. (2006) Spectral and kinetic resolution of the bc1 complex components in situ: A simple and robust alternative to the traditional difference wavelength approach. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1757, 273-283. Reprint
  240. Shinkarev, V.P., Crofts, A.R. and Wraight, C.A. (2006) In situ kinetics of cytochromes c1 and c2. Biochemistry 45, 7897-7903. Reprint
  241. Dikanov, S.A., Kolling, D.R.J., Endeward, B., Samoilova, R.I., Prisner, T.F. Satish K. Nair, S.K. and Crofts, A.R. (2006) Identification of Hydrogen Bonds to the Rieske Cluster through the Weakly Coupled Nitrogens Detected by Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation Spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 27416-27425. Reprint
  242. Kolling, D.R.J, Brunzelle, J.S., Lhee, S., Crofts, A.R. and Nair, S.K. (2007) Atomic resolution structures of Rieske iron-sulfur protein: role of hydrogen bonds in tuning redox potential of iron-sulfur clusters. Structure 15, 29-38. Reprint
  243. Dikanov, S.A., Holland, J.T., Endeward, B., Kolling, D.R.J., Samoilova, R.I., Prisner, T.F. and Crofts, A.R. (2007) Hydrogen bonds between nitrogen donors and the semiquinone in the Qi-site of the bc1 complex. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 25831–25841. Reprint
  244. Crofts, A.R. and Rose, S. (2007) Marcus treatment of endergonic reactions: A commentary. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1767, 1228-1232. Reprint

  245. Crofts, A.R. (2007) Life, information, entropy, and time. Complexity, 13, 14-50. Reprint

     

Recent Reviews

  1. Crofts, A.R. and Berry, E.A. (1998) Structure and function of the cytochrome bc1 complex of mitochondria and photosynthetic bacteria. Curr. Opinions in Struc. Biol. 8, 501-509. Reprint
  2. Berry, E., Guergova-Kuras, M., Huang, L.-S. and Crofts, A.R. (2000) Structure and Function of Cytochrome bc complexes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69, 1007-77. Reprint
  3. Petrouleas, V. and Crofts, A.R. (2005) The Iron-Quinone acceptor complex. In: Photosystem II: The Light-Driven Water:Plastoquinone Oxidoreductase (Wydrzynski, T. and Satoh, K., eds.). pp. 177-206. Kluwer Academic Publications. Reprint
  4. Crofts, A.R. (2004) The Q-cycle – a personal perspective. Photosynth. Res. 80, 223-243. Reprint
  5. Crofts, A.R. (2004) The Cytochrome bc1 Complex – Function in the Context of Structure. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 66, 689-733. Reprint
  6. Crofts, A.R. (2005) The bc1 complex: what is there left to argue about? In Biophysical and Structural Aspects of Bioenergetics, ed. by Wikstrom, M. pp. 123-155. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, U.K. Reprint
  7. Dikanov, S.A. and Crofts, A.R. (2005) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. In Handbook on Applied Solid State Spectroscopy, ed. Vij, D.R., Chapter 3, pp. 97-149. Springer, Berlin. Reprint

Software Packages.

Robinson, H.H. and Crofts, A.R. (1986-87) "pdViewer",- a package containing the programs PDVEGA, PDVCGA (for examination of three dimensional models of proteins from the coordinates of the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank using an IBMPC or compatible, with EGA or CGA graphics), and SPHERE (for displaying computer generated CPK atomic sphere models of proteins on an IBM PC with PGC graphics), and support files. Copyright 1986-91, University of Illinois.

Crofts, A.R. (1987) "SEQANAL",- a package of programs for analysis of protein sequences by examination, and for prediction of secondary structure, hydropathy and amphipathy. Contains the programs MCF (Modified Chou-Fasman predictor), MPREDICT (Modified Robson and Garnier predictor), PDBINFO (for examination of known protein secondary structures), AMPHI (for examination of sequences for hydropathy, secondary structure, and amphipathy, and as an aid to structural prediction), and FINDSEQ (for finding sequences from a library of files). Copyright 1987-91, University of Illinois.

Fenton, J. and Crofts, A.R. (1988) "FVIPS",- a software package for use in Fluorescence Video Imaging of Photosynthetic Systems. The program is used in conjunction with a computer-linked fluorescence video imaging apparatus designed in house, and allows capture and display of images, image processing at frame-grabbing rates, storage of fluorescence data and measurement of kinetics of fluorescence induction curves at individual pixels, or groups of pixels, and plotting of kinetic curves. Copyright 1988-91, University of Illinois.

Crofts, A.R. (1992) "pdVWIN",- a Protein Data Viewer for Windows.

Crofts, A.R. (1992) "pSAAM", - a Protein Sequence Analysis and Modelling package for the Windows environment.