Integrative Biology 100
Discussion Class, October 14-16
#8 Human Genetics

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Related Assignments:

Take-Home Assignment #5 Human Genetics At Lecture Monday October 19

Second Moodle Assignment Due by 8:00 AM, Monday October 26

Learner Objectives

You should be able to:

1. Solve human genetics problems that involve these types of inheritance:

• Autosomal Recessive inheritance

• Autosome Dominant inheritance

• Sex Linked inheritance

2. Explain the role of independent assortment in a the genetic variation of gametes when two gene loci on different homologous chromosomes are involved.

3. Explain how crossing over is involved in the recombination of alleles at gene loci located on the same chromosome (linked).

4. Describe the cell division events that lead to aneuploidy and polyploidy.

5. Describe the role of protein synthesis in the expression of a genetic trait.

Web Resources for Human Genetics Discussion

Lecture 9: Cell Reproduction, Chromosomes, and DNA

Lecture 10: Organism Reproduction: Meiosis and Fertilization

Lecture 11: Heredity and Meiosis

• The Cell Cycle Hoefnagels Page 160, fig. 8.5

• The General Sexual Life Cycle

• Meiosis, Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

• Review of Chromosomes

• Homologous chromosomes Hoefnagels. Page 196, fig. 10.1

• Single or Replicated Chromosomes? Hoefnagels Page 157, figure 8.3

• Overview of Meiosis Hoefnagels pg. 179, fig. 9.5

• Details of Meiosis Hoefnagels pg. 180-1, fig. 9.6

• Meiosis I Hoefnagels pg. 180, fIg. 9.6.1

• Meiosis II Hoefnagels pg. 180, fIg. 9.6.2

• Meiosis and the Formation of Gametes

• Meiosis and the Development of sperm Hoefnagels pg. 188, fig. 9.15

• Meiosis and the Development of eggs Hoefnagels pg. 189, fig. 9.16

• Timing of Development of sperm and eggs Lewis, et. al. pg. 180, fig. 10.17

• Genetic Recombinations during Meiosis

• Independent Assortment of Homologoius Chromosomes
  

  • Possible arrangements of homologous Chromosomes during meiosis Hoefnagels pg. 183, figure 9.8

  • Independent assortment Hoefnagels pg. 203, figure 10.9

  • Independent Assortment of Alleles from Sumanasinc.com

• Crossing Over of Non-Sister Chromatids of Homologous Chromosomes
  

• Crossing Over Hoefnagels, pg. 182, fig. 9.7

• Meiosis with Crossing Over from Sumanasinc.com

• Gamete variation by Crossing Over depends on the relative location of linked gene loci.

• Fertilization and Predicting Heredity (Genetics)

• Solving Genetics Problems

• Punnett Square diagram of a cross involving only ONE GENE (Monohybrid) - Select "Animation" from the choices at the bottom of the screen. (from DNA from the Beginning)

• Autosomal Recessive and Dominant inheritence compared

• Punnet square analysis of a cross involving TWO GENES. (Dihybrid) - Select "Problem" from the choices at the bottom of the screen. (from DNA from the Beginning)

• Aneuploidy - Extra or missing chromosomes resulting from nondisjunction.

• Nondisjunction is the failure of a homologous chromosme pair to separate (become disjunct) during meiosis results in aneuploidy.

• Nondisjunction can occur in either meiosis I
  

• or meiosis II . (Hoefnagels, pg. 185, fig. 9.11)

• Autosomal aneuploids:

• Down syndrome Trisomy 21 (Cytogenetics Gallery). From your text:  Trisomy 21 . (Hoefnagels, pg. 186, fig. 9.12)

• Nondisjunction in Down syndrome - animation from Hironao NUMABE, M.D.